Steam engine particularly applicable to combined internal-combustion and steam engines



April 15, 1930. E. BRILLIE 1,754,602

/ STEAM ENGINE PARTICULRLY APPLICABLE TO COMBINED Y INTERNAL COMBUSTIONAND STEAM ENGINES Filed'June 24, 1927 2 Sheet's-Sheet l Eg. f.

E Z N M im, l

E. BRILLI April 15, 1930.

STEAM ENGINE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO COMBINED INTERNAL COMBUSTION-AND STEAM ENGINES Filed June 24. 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Apr.15, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT orme EUGENE BRILLI, OF PARIS, FRANCE STEAMENGINE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO COMBINED INTERNAL-COMBUSTION AND STEAMENGINES Application filed .Tune 24, 1927, Serial No. 201,191, and. inFrance July 2, 1926.

The present invention relates to improvements in equitlow steam enginesand is more particularly applicable to combined internal combustion andsteam engines in which the explosion gases act against one tace ot thepiston and the steam against the other tace, the piston rod on the steamside being provided with passages leading the steam into a hollow spacewithin the piston head in suoli manner as to effect the cooling of thesurfaces heated by the action ot the explosion gases.

On the accompanying drawing: Fig. l shows a known arrangement of thistype. The piston B is displaced in the cylinder A.. One of the faces(that on the lett) l5e of the piston is subjected to the action of thehot explosion gases (the engine is assumed to operate on the two-strokecycle with admission at D and exhaust at The steam acts on the othertace of the piston Bf. It is admitted from the distributing contrivanceby a port e, and passes in succession through passages 0 formed in aswell G of the piston rod C and a space 77 provided within the hollowhead of the piston, in order to enter the increasing space a of thecylinder. The space b is constituted by the interstices between tins H,provided better to ensure the cooling of the metal.

rlhc above described flow through the hollow ceases after traverse of aportion Z of the stroke, when the swell G issues from a sleeve S, sinceinstant direct communication is established between the spaces a and d.

' The duration of such flow is therefore limited to a short period whichapproximately corresponds with the admission. Finally the swell Gconstitutes a considerable mass subjected to alternating oppositeforces.

The invention consists in a combination of the so-called equilow steamcycle and a hollow in a long extension of the piston rod for the purposeot' prolonging the circulation of steam in the piston in order to insurethe most effective cooling of the piston and at the same time a bettersuperheating ot the steam dest-ined for eltecting a better output.

On the accompanying drawing Fig. 2 illustrates the arrangement accordingto the invention, the piston being at the end of its stroke on the steamside.

Fig. 3 shows the piston at the end of its stroke on the internalcombustion side.

Fig. 4l shows a modification.

(The letters of reference used in connection with Fig. 1 apply also toFigs. 2 to 4.)

The piston B, in the position B1 of Fig. 3, uncovers ports F by whichthe steam exhausts, the slide valve M serving only for admission.

During the return stroke from B1 to B, once the port F has been closedby the piston, a prolonged period of compression occurs, requi ringconsiderable dead spaces in order not to exceed, towards the end of thestroke, the admission pressure, the dead space being the varying play orclearance between the piston and cylinder bottom and between the slidevalve and cylinder. These dead spaces are distributed as "follows:-n

Instead of the passages c debouching directly (as in Fig. l) into thehollow piston head they debouch into a space g formed in the swell G ofthe piston rod G, the swell extending throughout the whole of the spaceavailable between the head of the piston and the stuffing box K (when inthe position B Fig. 9.), and telescoping throughout its entire lengthwith the minimum of clearance, in a sleeve S fast with the cylinder headJ.

The dead space necessary for operating on the equiflow system willtherefore be principally constituted by the hollow g and the passage eto which, together with its ramilications e1 for example) are given theappropriate capacity.

The action is as followsz Starting from the position B (Fig. 2), theperiod of admission, during for example 2O to 40% of the stroke, thesteam, by the passages or spaces e, d, o, g penetrates by the hollow bof the piston head into the increasing space a. Then follows the periodof expansion; by virtue of the length of the telescoping of the swell Gwithin the sleeve S, the steam coni-ined in the spaces c, CZ, c, gcontinues to expand and to pass into the space a by passing through thehollow b of the piston head, in consequence cooling the piston headduring the portion Z of the stroke considerably increased as comparedwith the hitherto known arrangement, until the instant that the swell Gissues completely 'from the space (l, i. e. from the sleeve S.

During the reverse stroke, as soon as the swell G enters the space d,the steam compressed in the space a traverses by the hollow b of thepiston head, the spaces g, c, al, e, until a new admission phasecommences. The efficacy of cooling is thus very considerably increased,more especially as at certain instants the steam passes expanded, i. e.at a temperature less than that of admission.

It is easy to appreciate that if the stuiiing box K is dis laced acertain amount to the right (Fig. 4 the swell G can be lengthened andthe riod of flow corresponding to the portion of the stroke can berendered equal to the stroke L of the piston. There will then be aconstant liow in the hollow of the piston head during the entire cycle:admission, eX- pansion, exhaust, compression, particularly at theinstant of uncovering of the port F (position shown in Fig. 4), theexpanded steam contained in the spaces e, d, c, g passing in puffs inthe direction of the arrows in the passage b, effecting cooling moreeffectively as it is at a low temperature.

lith a locomotive or any other engine adapted to run idly, arrangementsmust be applied for suppressing during the running without steam theeffects of expansion and compression in the cylinders.

In the present case, with the equiflow system of distribution, a verysimple arrangement of by-pass may be made use of, avoiding the auxiliarypiping applied in the case p of ordinary distribution. The by-pass valveQ is provided between the passage e extended at e1) and the steam chestP opening into the latter.

The steam is admitted through the pipe O into the steam chest P; it isdistributed through the slide valve M which opens the port e for theadmission of steam in the cylinder. The valve M operated by the rod m isdisplaced in its sleeve N; its rear face communicates with theatmosphere through the orifice R. The port e corresponds with the spaceel below a valve which opens into the steam chest P for suppressingcounter-pressure during idle running without steam.

The engine being multicylindered, a cylinder T1 is always at admissionand at the same time another cylinder Tz is at compression, assumingthat the two cranks are at an angle of 180.

During the compression period, the residual steam in the cylinder T2 isforced back by the piston in the steam chest P, the valve Q, beingraised. As the steam chests of the different cylinders intercommunicatethrough the inflow of steam Q, this steam forced back from the cylinderT2 is received in the cylinder Tl in the admission period. Consequently,there is no compression eliect or expansion effect in the cylinders.

I claim:

In a combined internal combustion and steam engine of the classdescribed, a cylinder, a piston sliding in said cylinder, a piston rodhaving a hollow cylindrical portion .secured to said piston andextending the length thereof, said piston rod having also a reducedportion, a sleeve mounted in the cylinder and surrounding the hollowpiston rod, said sleeve having an internal diameter slightly exceedingthe diameter of the hollow rod, a stuiiing boX surrounding the reducedportion of the rod, a steam inlet communicating with the space betweensaid sleeve and said reduced portion, said hollow portion having anaperture adjacent said reduced portion and communicating with saidspace, and a steam outlet in said cylinder communicating with saidhollow portion.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

EUGNE BRILLI.

